Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a popular form of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), offering effective and low-maintenance birth control for women.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 10.4% of women aged 15–49 are currently using LARC methods like IUDs or contraceptive implants. While many women choose this device for its reliability, it’s essential to understand that some may experience pain during and after the insertion process.
This guide provides a comprehensive overview of IUD-related pain, helping women navigate potential discomfort and know when to seek medical advice.
What Is an IUD and How It Works
An IUD is a tiny device inserted into the uterus to act as birth control. IUDs come in two primary types: hormonal and copper. Hormonal IUDs, like Mirena and Skyla, release progestin, a hormone to prevent both sperm from reaching eggs and fertilized eggs from implanting. Copper IUDs, such as ParaGard, use copper to create a hostile environment for sperm, preventing fertilization.
According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), IUD use is increasing in the U.S. due to its effectiveness, long duration of action, and minimal side effects. The device provides reliable contraception with few contraindications, even for women with certain medical conditions.
When choosing an IUD, consider factors such as efficiency, cost, duration, and suitability for the individual. Proper counseling and care can minimize potential complications and ensure the long-term sustainability of the contraceptive choice.
What are the disadvantages of the IUD?
The disadvantages of IUDs include a small failure rate and the fact that they do not prevent sexually transmitted diseases, unlike condoms. Additionally, non-hormonal IUDs, such as copper ones, can make periods more painful and uncomfortable for some women.
What is the biggest risk of an IUD?
The primary risk associated with IUDs is infection, which usually occurs during the insertion procedure. While the risk is low, infections can happen, and they are generally treatable without removing the IUD. Prompt medical attention can manage infections effectively and ensure continued use of the device.
IUD Insertion Pain: What to Expect
According to Yale Medicine, IUD insertion can be performed at any point during a woman’s menstrual cycle. As Dr. Tessa Madden, MD, explains, “It only takes a few minutes, which is important for women to know as it’s brief discomfort, not prolonged pain.” Most women experience cramping as the IUD is placed through the cervix, though the intensity of discomfort can vary.
Women who have never been pregnant may experience more cramping because their uterus is smaller, making insertion potentially more uncomfortable. Similarly, women who typically experience menstrual cramps may find the procedure more painful. However, some patients report minimal cramping once the procedure is over.
Cramps can persist for one or two days post-insertion, but taking ibuprofen before and after the procedure can help manage discomfort. However, for women at risk of more difficult insertions, such as those who haven’t had children, a local anesthetic may be used. Dr. Madden advises talking to your healthcare provider about pain concerns to ensure proper care.
How to relax your cervix for IUD insertion?
To relax your cervix, your healthcare provider might prescribe medication in advance. This can include misoprostol (Cytotec) to soften the cervix and lorazepam (Ativan) or diazepam (Valium) to ease anxiety. These medications help minimize discomfort and aid in recovery.
Post-Insertion Pain
After IUD insertion, women may experience cramping or discomfort, which can last anywhere from a few days to several months.
According to WebMD, the pain often feels similar to menstrual cramps and may also include lower back aches. For women with a copper IUD, such as ParaGard, cramping may be more intense due to the body’s reaction to the copper.
However, this discomfort typically subsides within a few months as the uterus adjusts to the device. Hormonal IUDs tend to cause less cramping, though some women may still experience discomfort for up to 3–6 months.
To manage post-insertion pain, over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen can help reduce inflammation and ease cramping. Using a heating pad and practicing self-care, such as resting and avoiding intense activities, can also provide relief.
While cramping for several months can be normal, severe or prolonged pain beyond 3 months, heavy bleeding, or foul-smelling discharge may indicate complications. In such cases, consult a gynecologist to make sure the IUD is properly placed, and there are no underlying issues.
Cramping and Pain After IUD Removal
IUD removal, while typically less painful than insertion, can still cause some discomfort. Cramping and mild bleeding are common side effects following the procedure.
According to TorHoerman Law, while IUD removal is generally a safe procedure, complications can occasionally occur. There have been reports of major issues with the non-hormonal birth control device Paragard IUD, including device breakage during removal.
The Paragard lawsuit against Teva Pharmaceuticals alleges the company failed to warn consumers about the risks of device breakage. Plaintiffs in these lawsuits have sought compensation for injuries and damages resulting from the device, including medical expenses, pain, and suffering.
If you are considering IUD removal or have concerns about potential complications, it’s advisable to discuss these issues with your healthcare provider. They can provide personalized information and guidance based on your specific circumstances.
Understanding the various aspects of IUD pain, from insertion discomfort to post-insertion symptoms and removal-related issues, is crucial for making informed decisions. By communicating with your healthcare provider and exploring available pain management strategies, you can minimize discomfort.
Remember, every individual’s experience with IUDs is unique. If you’re unsure about pain or other potential complications with an IUD, it’s best to seek advice from a healthcare professional.